I define toxic shame as the difference between a shame state and a shame trait.
Shame State
Shame is the felt-experience that if I did something bad, I am bad. With the shame state, there is the ability to come to understand that we are not our behaviors.
Shame Trait
Toxic shame is more of a shame trait. There is no distinction between the shame and who I am.
Toxic shame is not about being bad or doing something bad. It’s a mislabel of a chronic physiological state that is experienced by the person as being true all the time.
Toxic shame feels like all of me. It can be so consuming that we might not even know it exists- much like a fish isn’t aware it’s wet.
When we believe something is all of us, there is no possibility to challenge it. There is no room for change.
If we aren’t aware of it, it can feel completely true. A simple truth. Like gravity.
The Attachment Cycle and the Neurobiology of Toxic Shame
When bids for connection are not met, the nervous responds by slamming on the brakes.
Imagine a car with the accelerator smoothly functioning. When we need to be seen and understood by others, our attachment circuits are revved up; we are in a state of seeking connection. And when our need is met, we move forward happily through our lives. But if we are not seen, if our caregivers do not attune to us, and we are met with the experience of feeling invisible or misunderstood, our nervous system responds with a sudden activation of the brake portion of its regulatory circuits.
Slamming on the brakes creates a distinctive physiological response: heaviness in the chest, nausea in the belly, and downcast or turned-away eyes. We literally shrink into ourselves from a pain that is often beneath our awareness. This nauseating and jolting shift occurs whenever we are ignored or given confusing signals by others and it is experienced as a state of shame. Shame states are common in children whose parents are repeatedly unavailable or who habitually fail to attune to them.
Then what happens is kids keep developing, and their developing cortex starts to label that physiological sensation as “I am bad.” And for these kids, it’s not a temporary thing that is the result of some misattunement with their caregiver or even a bad behavior that’s then followed up with repair and coregulation. It’s a chronic state.
So their mind can only make sense of this chronic shame state as “I guess I must be very very bad.”
From the point of view of survival, “I am bad” is a safer perspective than “My parents are unreliable and may abandon me at any time.”
How can we help?
Understanding the neurobiology can be helpful to teens and adults in that it doesn’t take away their sense of chronic or toxic shame but it begins to open the possibility of seeing the shame instead of being the shame. And this seeing instead of being is crucial in creating change in the neurobiology
For young kids who don’t have the developmental capacity for this self reflection, we can be the ones who hold that truth. That this sense of shame and the behaviors that emerge feel like a truth. And actually arguing with that truth makes US seem untrustworthy. We can hold in our own minds the separation- that the shame is just a part of them, and it’s a physiological sensation that is an adaptive response but then got mislabeled.
But actually, helping kids with chronic and toxic shame is less about how we help them and more about how we help us. We’ll talk about how to help dismantle toxic shame in next week’s episode.
For more in depth understanding and discussion of the neurobiology of toxic shame, including how positive experiences and praise can powerfully light up neural networks of toxic shame, listen to the episode or read the transcript.
Listen on the Podcast
This blog is a short summary of a longer episode on the Parenting after Trauma podcast.
Find the Parenting after Trauma podcast on Apple Podcast, Google, Spotify, or in your favorite podcast app.
Or, you can read the entire transcript of the episode by scrolling down and clicking ‘transcript.’